Which document outlines the structure of the U.S. government?

The Constitution is the foundational document that outlines the structure of the U.S. government. It establishes the framework for governance, including the separation of powers among the three branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Additionally, the Constitution defines the roles and responsibilities of each branch, as well as the relationship between the federal government and the states.

While the Bill of Rights enumerates specific rights and liberties granted to the citizens and serves as an important amendment to the Constitution, it does not detail the structure of the government itself. The Declaration of Independence, on the other hand, announced the separation from British rule and articulated the principles of individual rights and government by consent, but it does not provide a structure for governance. The Federalist Papers serve as a collection of essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution and explain its principles, but they are not the document that outlines the structure of the government. Thus, the Constitution is the correct answer as it serves as the primary source of legal authority and organization for the U.S. government.